Method for reducing supply voltage drop in digital circuit block and related layout architecture

ABSTRACT

A method for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block, where the digital circuit block includes a first conducting segment coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between the first conducting segment and the second conducting segment, the method including: constructing a third conducting segment connected to the first conducting segment and not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a first conducting layer; and constructing a fourth conducting segment electrically connected to the second conducting segment and not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at a second conducting layer, and whereby a capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

BACKGROUND

The present invention is related to supplying a supply voltage to a digital circuit, and more particularly, to a layout architecture for reducing leakage current of the supply voltage path of the supply voltage of the digital circuit and a method thereof.

In the field of digital circuit design, one of the most efficient ways to arrange each of the digital cells within a digital circuit is to perform an automatic placement and routing (APR) process upon the functional digital cells after the digital circuit is designed. Normally, the APR process is performed by software tools. Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a prior art digital circuit 10 after performing the APR process. The digital circuit 10 comprises a plurality of functional digital cells 11 a˜11 d, a power rail 12, and a ground rail 13, in which the power rail 12 is coupled to a supply voltage VDD to supply power to each of the functional digital cells 11 a˜11 d, and the ground rail 13 provides a ground voltage GND for the functional digital cells 11 a˜11 d. However, the APR process may generate a gap between some of the two functional digital cells, such as the gap 14 between the functional digital cells 11 b and 11 c, when optimizing the whole digital circuit 10. If this happens, the gap 14 will be filled up by a filler capacitor 15 in order to stabilize the supply voltage VDD for the functional digital cells 11 b and 11 c. However, since the filler capacitor 15 is implemented by a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor, and the electric charge of the filler capacitor is accumulated on the gate terminal and the substrate of the CMOS transistor, the electric charge may leak from the gate terminal to the substrate of the CMOS transistor. Therefore, a significant leakage current may be induced if the digital circuit 10 includes a large number of filler capacitors. Accordingly, to reduce the leakage current problem of the digital circuit 10 is becoming one of the most urgent problems in the field of digital circuit design.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One of the objectives of the present invention is provide a layout architecture for reducing leakage current of the supply voltage path of a supply voltage of a digital circuit and a method thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block is provided, wherein the digital circuit block comprises a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a third conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a first conducting layer, and an dielectric layer is between the first conducting layer and a second conducting layer; and constructing a fourth conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the second conducting layer, whereby a first capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block is provided, wherein the digital circuit block comprises a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the method comprising the following steps: constructing a third conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a conducting layer; and constructing a fourth conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the conducting layer, whereby a capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

According to a third embodiment of the present invention, a layout architecture for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block is provided, wherein the digital circuit block comprises a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the layout architecture comprises a third conducting segment and a fourth conducting segment. The third conducting segment has a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a first conducting layer, and an dielectric layer is between the first conducting layer and a second conducting layer; and the fourth conducting segment has a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the second conducting layer, whereby a first capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a layout architecture for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block is provided, wherein the digital circuit block comprises a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, and the layout comprises a third conducting segment and a fourth conducting segment. The third conducting segment has a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a conducting layer. The fourth conducting segment has a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the conducting layer, and whereby a capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a prior art digital circuit after performing an APR process.

FIG. 2 is a top view diagram illustrating a layout architecture for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a space diagram illustrating the layout architecture of the digital circuit block as shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a side view diagram of a Metal-dielectric-metal capacitor of the digital circuit block as shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for reducing a supply voltage drop in the digital circuit block of the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms “include” and “comprise” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “include, but not limited to . . . ”. Also, the term “couple” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct electrical connection. Accordingly, if one device is coupled to another device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections.

Please refer to FIG. 2 in conjunction with FIG. 3. FIG. 2 is a top view diagram illustrating a layout architecture 202 for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the digital circuit block 200 comprises a first conducting path 2022 having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, such as Vdd, a second conducting path 2024 having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, such as ground voltage Vgnd, and a digital logic 2026 coupled between a second end of the first conducting path 2022 and a second end of the second conducting path 2024. FIG. 3 is a space diagram illustrating the layout architecture 202 of the digital circuit block 200 as shown in FIG. 2. Please note that, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the layout architecture 202 provides a capacitance block between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024 in order to reduce the supply voltage Vdd IR drop (e.g., dynamic voltage drop) to the digital logic 2026. The layout architecture 202 comprises conducting segments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, 202 d, 202 e, 202 f, vias 202 g, 202 h, 202 i, 202 j, and a metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k. The conducting segments 202 a, 202 b have a first end electrically connected to the first conducting path 2022 and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting path 2024, and the conducting segments 202 c, 202 d have a first end electrically connected to the second conducting path 2024 and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting path 2022.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the conducting segment 202 e coupled to the conducting segments 202 a and 202 b through the vias 202 g and 202 i respectively, and the conducting segment 202 f coupled to the conducting segments 202 c and 202 d through the vias 202 h and 202 j respectively. Furthermore, the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k is constructed under the region between the conducting segments 202 a and 202 c. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first conducting path 2022, the second conducting path 2024, the conducting segments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, 202 d are located at the same conducting layer L6, such as the top conducting layer (e.g., layer 6) of a semiconductor process; and the conducting segments 202 e, 202 f are located at the other conducting layer L5, such as layer 5 of the semiconductor process, as shown in FIG. 3. In other words, the layer L6 is adjacent to the layer L5. However, the two conducting layers could also not adjacent to each other. In other words, those skilled in this art are readily to understand that the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k could be implemented between any two conducting layers. Furthermore, a dielectric layer L_(IN) may be between the conducting layer L6 and the conducting layer L5, in which the dielectric layer L_(IN) can be implemented by an oxide layer. Please note that, the layout architecture 202 is just an example of the embodiment of the digital circuit block 200, and is not meant to be a limitation of the present invention. In other words, the number of the conducting segments, vias, and metal-dielectric-metal capacitors and the arrangement between the conducting segments, vias, and metal-dielectric-metal capacitors can be adjusted according to practical conditions, such as the area required by the layout architecture 202, of the implementation of the digital circuit block 200.

Please refer to FIG. 2 again. Since the conducting segments 202 b, 202 d are located at the conducting layer L6, and the conducting segments 202 e, 202 f are located at the conducting layer L5, a capacitor C1 may be formed between the overlapped region of the conducting segments 202 d and 202 e, which is an oblique line portion 202 d′; and a capacitor C2 may be formed between the overlapped region of the conducting segments 202 b and 202 f, which is the oblique line portion 202 b′. Furthermore, since the conducting segments 202 b and 202 d do not electrically contact with each other, a capacitor C3 may be formed between the conducting segments 202 b and 202 d. Similarly, a capacitor C4 may be formed between the conducting segments 202 e and 202 f.

Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a side view diagram of the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k of the digital circuit block 200 along line I-I′ as shown in FIG. 2. Please note that, the via 202 h and the capacitor C2 is omitted in the side view diagram of FIG. 4 for the purpose of illustration, and the vias 202 h′ and 202 i illustrated in dotted line represents that the vias 202 h′ and 202 i are in the background from the line I-I′ and the via 202 g′ is in the foreground from the line I-I′. The metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k comprises the conducting segment 202 a, the conducting segment 202 c, a top plate 402, a bottom plate 404, and a dielectric plate 406, in which the dielectric plate 406 can be implemented by an oxide layer. In addition, the conducting segment 202 a is electrically connected with the top plate 402 through the via 202 g′, and the conducting segment 202 c is electrically connected with the bottom plate 404 through the via 202 h′. Please note that, in order to illustrate the placement of the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k more clearly, FIG. 4 further shows up the conducting segment 202 b, the via 202 i, and the conducting segment 202 e of the layout architecture 202. Furthermore, an insulating layer may be constructed between the bottom plate 404 and the conducting segment 202 e in the dielectric layer L_(IN). Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k provides another capacitive element between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024. Please note that, those skilled in this art will readily understand that the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor can be implemented between any two conducting layers, such as the conducting layer L6 and L5 of the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be rearranged into any appropriate shape depending on the configuration between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024. Besides, it is not necessary for the two conducting layers to be adjacent to each other. Since the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor is well-known to those skilled in this art, a detailed description is omitted here for brevity.

Accordingly, when the digital logic 2026 loads the current from the supply voltage Vdd at the first conducting path 2022, the energy that is stored in the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 can provide the required current to the digital logic 2026 instantaneously. Therefore, the supply voltage Vdd IR drop (e.g., dynamic voltage drop) of the digital logic 2026 can be minimized. Furthermore, since the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 store the energy (i.e., electric charge) in the region of the conducting layer of the semiconductor architecture, but do not utilize the substrate of the semiconductor architecture to store the energy as in the prior art, the leakage current of the layout architecture 202 of the digital circuit block 200 is much smaller than the prior art current.

Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 for reducing the supply voltage drop in the digital circuit block 202 of the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2. Provided that substantially the same result is achieved, the steps of the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 need not be in the exact order shown, need not be contiguous, that is, other steps can be intermediate, and need not be executed completely. The method 500 comprises:

Step 502: performing a supply voltage path routing, such as an auto placement and routing (APR) process upon the digital logic 2026 to generate the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024;

Step 504: determining a region between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024 for the layout architecture 202;

Step 506: constructing the conducting segment 202 a, 202 b having the first end electrically connected to the first conducting path 2022 and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting path 2024, wherein the conducting segment 202 a, 202 b are located in layer L6;

Step 508: constructing the conducting segment 202 c, 202 d having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting path 2024 and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting path 2022, wherein the conducting segment 202 c, 202 d are located in layer L6;

Step 510: constructing the conducting segment 202 e, 202 f in the layer L5;

Step 512: utilizing the vias 202 h and 202 j to couple the conducting segments 202 c and 202 d to the conducting segment 202f respectively, and utilizing the vias 202 g and 202 i to couple the conducting segments 202 a and 202 b to the conducting segment 202 e respectively; and

Step 514: constructing the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k under the region between the conducting segments 202 a and 202 c.

The first conducting path 2022 may be coupled to the supply voltage Vdd and the second conducting path 2024 may be coupled to the ground voltage Vgnd (Step 502). After the APR process, one of the embodiments of the present invention may have filler capacitor cells between the region of the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024, and it may be necessary for the method 500 to remove the filler capacitor cells first. Then, the region between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024 can be utilized for constructing the layout architecture 202 (Step 504). Please note that, this is just an optional step of the embodiment, and not a limitation of the present invention. In other words, the APR process may automatically provide the regions for the layout architecture 202 after performing the APR process upon the digital circuit block 200.

Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. In step 506˜512, the capacitor C1 is formed between the overlapped region of the conducting segments 202 d and 202 e, which is formed by a portion 202 d′; and the capacitor C2 is formed between the overlapped region of the conducting segments 202 b and 202 f, which is formed by a portion 202 b′. Furthermore, the capacitor C3 is formed between the conducting segments 202 b and 202 d. Similarly, the capacitor C4 is formed between the conducting segments 202 e and 202 f. In step 514, the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k is constructed under the region between the conducting segments 202 a and 202 c, and comprises the conducting segment 202 a, the conducting segment 202 c, a top plate 402, a bottom plate 404, and a dielectric plate 406 as shown in FIG. 4. In addition, the method 500 utilizes the via 202 g′ to electrically connect the conducting segment 202 a with the top plate 402, and utilizes the via 202 h′ to electrically connect the conducting segment 202 c with the bottom plate 404. Therefore, the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor 202 k provides another capacitive element between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024. Those skilled in this art will readily understand that the metal-dielectric-metal capacitor can be implemented between any two conducting layers, such as the conducting layer L6 and L5 in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be rearranged into any appropriate shape depending on the configuration between the first conducting path 2022 and the second conducting path 2024. Besides, it is not necessary for the two conducting layers to be adjacent to each other. Since the Metal-dielectric-metal capacitor is well-known to those skilled in this art, a detailed description is omitted here for brevity.

Please note that the layout architecture 202 generated under the method 500 is just an example of the present invention, and not a limitation of the present invention. In other words, the number of the conducting segments, vias, and metal-dielectric-metal capacitors and the arrangement between the conducting segments, vias, and metal-dielectric-metal capacitors can be adjusted according to practical conditions, such as the area available for the layout architecture 202, of the implementation of the digital circuit block 202.

Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. 

1. A method for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block, the digital circuit block comprising a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the method comprising: constructing a third conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a first conducting layer, and an dielectric layer is between the first conducting layer and a second conducting layer; and constructing a fourth conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the second conducting layer, and whereby a first capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the third conducting segment is further configured to have a third portion located at the second conducting layer, whereby a second capacitive element is formed between the second portion and the third portion.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a power supply voltage, and the other of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a ground voltage.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second conducting layer is adjacent to the first conducting layer.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is an oxide layer.
 6. A method for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block, the digital circuit block comprising a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the method comprising: constructing a third conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a conducting layer; and constructing a fourth conducting segment having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the conducting layer, whereby a capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein one of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a power supply voltage, and the other of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a ground voltage.
 8. A layout architecture for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block, the digital circuit block comprising a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the layout architecture comprising: a third conducting segment, having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a first conducting layer, and a dielectric layer is between the first conducting layer and a second conducting layer; and a fourth conducting segment, having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the second conducting layer, and whereby a first capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.
 9. The layout architecture of claim 8, wherein the third conducting segment is further configured to have a third portion located at the second conducting layer, whereby a second capacitive element is formed between the second portion and the third portion.
 10. The layout architecture of claim 8, wherein one of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a power supply voltage, and the other of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a ground voltage.
 11. The layout architecture of claim 8, wherein the second conducting layer is adjacent to the first conducting layer.
 12. The layout architecture of claim 8, wherein the dielectric layer is an oxide layer.
 13. A layout architecture for reducing a supply voltage drop in a digital circuit block, the digital circuit block comprising a first conducting segment having a first end coupled to a first supply voltage, a second conducting segment having a first end coupled to a second supply voltage, and a digital logic coupled between a second end of the first conducting segment and a second end of the second conducting segment, the layout comprising: a third conducting segment, having a first end electrically connected to the first conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the second conducting segment, wherein the third conducting segment is configured to have a first portion located at a conducting layer; and a fourth conducting segment, having a first end electrically connected to the second conducting segment and a second end not electrically connected to the first conducting segment, wherein the fourth conducting segment is configured to have a second portion located at the conducting layer, and whereby a capacitive element is formed between the first portion and the second portion.
 14. The layout architecture of claim 13, wherein one of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a power supply voltage, and the other of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is a ground voltage. 